Making science prominent
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Author appearance

Sheril Kirshenbaum will discuss and sign copies of "Unscientific America" at 7 p.m. Wednesday at The Regulator Bookshop, 720 Ninth St., Durham. For information, call 286-2700.

"Unscientific America: How Scientific Illiteracy Threatens Our Future"

By Chris Mooney and Sheril Kirshenbaum (Basic Books, $24, 209 pages)

BY CLIFF BELLAMY

cbellamy@heraldsun.com; 419-6744

Non-scientists, and that includes most of us who work for newspapers or other media, owe it to themselves to read at least one book this year about the scientific issues facing the world. My pick is Chris Mooney and Sheril Kirshenbaum's "Unscientific America: How Scientific Illiteracy Threatens Our Future."

A reader can make it through the main corpus of this taut volume, about 132 pages, in a weekend. The rest of the book contains notes, and in a few cases some lengthy elaborations on points in the main text. But do not let the brevity of this book fool you -- there is plenty to ponder and chew on in these pages.

The book is a collaboration between a reporter-editor (Mooney) and a marine scientist and research associate at Duke University (Kirshenbaum). That collaboration is in itself important, because a major thesis of this book is the need to bridge the broad cultural divide between scientists and the rest of us. Mooney and Kirshenbaum take their cue from British novelist C.P. Snow, who in 1959 warned of the consequences of this division in a speech titled "The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution." "Snow knew what really mattered," the authors write, "and you might say our book is merely here to provide half a century of transatlantic updating."

Mooney and Kirshenbaum offer numerous examples of the everyday consequences of scientific illiteracy: the denial of evolution, the belief that the Earth is 10,000 years old, the dangerous belief that childhood vaccines cause autism. Why are these concerns important? Because scientific illiteracy makes it difficult for Americans to address the scientifically-based problems that face us -- and energy and global warming just scratch the surface. "The result," they state, "is our repeated failure as a nation to take forward-looking actions before it's too late."

Mooney and Kirshenbaum are not arguing that we transform into a nation of research scientists. What they encourage is more engagement between science and society, "a nation in which science has far more prominence in politics and the media, far more relevance to the life of every American. ..."

Scientists and non-scientists share responsibility for this divide, the authors state. Movies often portray scientists as either absent-minded, or power mad in the "Frankenstein" mode. Not only have newspapers and other media reduced their science coverage in response to economic conditions, the demands of news do not always fit with the slow, gradual methods of science. On the other hand, scientists also have a habit of divorcing themselves from the larger society. They are loath to be their own advocates in politics and policy debates, the authors state, and are woefully ignorant of how to engage non-scientists. Mooney and Kirshenbaum also are critical of scientists like Richard Dawkins, author of "The God Delusion," who have allied with the New Atheists. The authors believe their virulent criticism of all religions drives an unnecessary wedge between science and faith.

The authors argue that the onus for bridging this cultural divide rests with scientists, and make several recommendations for beginning the process. The rest of us who have not seen a periodic table for decades also bear some responsibility, and reading this engaging and though-provoking book is a good start.
comments (1)
« Dr. S. Smith wrote on Sunday, Sep 27 at 04:32 PM »
Reading Unscientific America: How Scientific Illiteracy Threatens Our Future, lacks the writing skills and content that would most likely inspire the intelligentsia and general population to explore the impact of science and our future well being. I scanned the book in less than five minutes, and made the prompt decision that the writing was a vacuous attempt to explain the same paradigm shifts that continue to interest pop culture (the Copernican Revolution, global warming, evolution, and the accepted age of the earth), not real scientists or the general public, those more interested in the past and present impact of true science. The book could have been written in less than a week, and require literate Americans less than an hour to read.

Thomas Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions more adequately places the current shift, biology and DNA science, in proper perspective. Although Snow was a physicist, government worker, and novelist, he seems to be known for his novels, not accomplishments in the science of physics. His basic premise in The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution was that practitioners of science and literature know little about the other and that communication between the two is difficult, perhaps impossible. The authors of Unscientific America: How Scientific Illiteracy Threatens America, argue that our illiterate society is in denial of urgent scientific problems. I disagree. I believe that most people have a true fascination and desire to understand science. The problem is that too many students in K-12 will never fully understand and appreciate science until experienced or research scientists are hired as teachers and until those teachers are free from having to comply with professional learning communities (PLC) while letting their extensive knowledge go unused in the classroom. Science is becoming more and more generalized to the extent that understanding is being compromised. First year teachers from Teach for America, who teach while waiting to enter graduate school, or lateral entry teachers, who simply need a job, cannot advance knowledge in science. Our schools need science teachers who know and love the content and importance of science and the pedagogy of science.

I believe that how a question is asked is often more important than the question. Most literate people understand science and the role science has played and continues to play in the world in which we live. However, most literate people tend to be more interested in the present shift to the age of biology in possibly curing diseases than in astronomy, agronomy, chemistry, and physics. Currently, the most fascinating new knowledge being explored in the area of science involves DNA, which will ultimately explain the cause of many illnesses that have plagued man through the ages, including the causes of autism and lung cancer. Much fascinating information has already been published in the past several years, such as that the location of the DNA of the telomeres, usually the ends of chromosomes, may explain the difference as to why the 46 chromosomes of human cells and the 48 chromosomes of the cells of less advanced members of the Hominidae family in mammalian classification, that a person whose mother had German measles during pregnancy may develop cataracts, and that mitochondrial DNA is more similar to bacterial DNA than to human DNA. Several recently published best sellers that are well-researched contain much of the current fascinating knowledge in science to enhance one’s scientific literacy.

My premise is that most reasonably educated people have an appreciation for both science and literature, for history and mathematics, as well as for art and music. All knowledge is related, and understanding the parts contributes to understanding the impact of the whole. We cannot understand the present without knowing the influence of the past.

(By the way, does the book have 132 pages or 209 pages? I’ll have to check in a book store. Regardless, the problem of science literacy cannot be explained in such a generalized and brief writing.)

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