1789: Congress passed a Judiciary Act which provided for an attorney general and a Supreme Court.
1869: Thousands of businessmen were ruined in a Wall Street panic known as "Black Friday" after financiers Jay Gould and James Fisk attempted to corner the gold market.
1955: President Dwight D. Eisenhower suffered a heart attack while on vacation in Denver.
1960: The USS Enterprise, the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, was launched at Newport News, Va.
1963: The U.S. Senate ratified a treaty with Britain and the Soviet Union limiting nuclear testing.
1969: The trial of the "Chicago Eight" (later seven) began. (Five of the defendants were later convicted of crossing state lines to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic national convention, but the convictions were ultimately overturned.)
